| Type of Hydrocarbon | Flame Characteristics |
|---|---|
| Unsaturated HC | Yellow flame |
| Saturated HC | Clean flame |
| Chemical/Compound | Use |
|---|---|
| Nitrogen | Found in natural silk |
| Blue vitriol (CuSO₄·5H₂O) | Fungicide |
| Zn₃P₂ (Zinc Phosphide) | Rodenticide |
| NaClO₃ (Sodium Chlorate) | Herbicide |
| Nitrocellulose | Explosive |
| Taxol | Anti-cancer drug |
| BOR-A (Boric acid) | Antiseptic |
| CA-FP (Citric acid) | Food preservative |
| AA-P (Acetic acid) | Pickle preparation |
| Milk of Magnesia (Mg(OH)₂) | Mild base / Antacid |
| Lithium bicarbonate | Treatment of Rheumatism |
| AgI | Artificial rain |
| AgBr | Preserve photographic images |
| Type | Magnetic Behavior | Magnetic Susceptibility (χ) | Examples |
|---|---|---|---|
| Paramagnetic | Weak attraction along field | Small, positive | Manganese, Aluminium, Chromium, Platinum |
| Ferromagnetic | Strong attraction along field | Very large, positive (χ >1000) | Iron, Nickel, Cobalt, Gadolinium |
| Diamagnetic | Weak repulsion opposite field | Small, negative (-1 ≤ χ ≤ 0) | Bismuth, Mercury, Copper, Lead, Zinc |
| Material | Use/Property |
|---|---|
| Graphene | Carbon nanostructure, single layer sheet |
| Diamond | Tetrahedral, high MP/BP, chemically reacts like graphite |
| Graphite | Hexagonal, high stability |
| Carbon steel | Solid, definite shape/volume |
| Wrought iron | Very pure iron (~99.5%) |
| Polycarbonate | CDs |
| Acrylic | Synthetic wool |
| Bakelite | Phenol + formaldehyde condensation |
| Nylon 6 | Fabric |
| Terylene | Fabric |
| Teflon | Non-stick plastics |
| Melamine formaldehyde resin | Ceramic plastic resin |
| BUNA-S/N | Synthetic rubber |
| Glyptal | Fabric |
| CaSO₄·½H₂O | Plaster of Paris |
| NaHCO₃ | Baking soda/antacid |
| Na₂CO₃·10H₂O | Washing soda |
| CuSO₄·5H₂O | Blue vitriol |
| Zn | Electroplating cathode process |
| H₂SO₄ | Car battery, max in acid rain |
| Term | Detail |
|---|---|
| Blindspot | Optic nerve connects to retina |
| Perspiration | Water, minerals, lactate, urea |
| Blood glucose | mg/dL |
| Contact lenses | Hydrogel |
| Teeth | Toothpaste basic, neutralizes acid |
| Noise Level | Example |
|---|---|
| 0–30 dB | Practically inaudible |
| 31–45 dB | Silent sounds |
| 46–65 dB | Standard conversation |
| 66–90 dB | Electric beard trimmers |
| 91–100 dB | Cars without mufflers |
| 101–125 dB | Aircraft takeoff |
| >125 dB | Rocket launch |
| Alloy | Composition |
|---|---|
| Brass | Zn + Cu |
| Bronze | Cu + Sn |
| Stainless steel | C:0.03, Mn:2, Si:0.75, Cr:16–18, Ni:10–14, Mo:2–3, P:0.045, S:0.03, N:0.1 |
| Wrought iron | Pure iron (~99.5%) |
| Substance | pH/Use |
|---|---|
| Milk of Magnesia | pH 10.5 |
| NaHCO₃ | Baking soda, antacid |
| Na₂CO₃ | Washing soda |
| HCl gas (dry) | No litmus color change |
| Oxalic acid | Leather bleaching |
| Acetic acid | Food processing |
| Citric acid | Washing metals |
| Benzoic acid | Batteries |
| Vinegar | Preservative |
| PFAS | Persistent chemical |
| Law | Statement |
|---|---|
| Law of Definite Proportions | Compound always has same element ratio |
| Law of Multiple Proportions | Mass ratio of elements in compounds = small integers |
| Avogadro’s Law | Equal volumes of gas → equal molecules |
| Conservation of Mass | Mass of reactants = mass of products |
| Charles | V ∝ T at constant P |
| Boyle | P ∝ 1/V |
| Graham | Rate of diffusion ∝ 1/√Molecular weight |
| Element | Use |
|---|---|
| CoCa | Cobalt isotope, cancer treatment |
| ReSeCa | Radium isotope, secondary cancer treatment |
| Isotopes | same chemical properties (same atomic number) |
| Atomic No | Element |
|---|---|
| 98 | Californium (Cf) |
| 99 | Einsteinium (Es) |
| 100 | Fermium (Fm) |
| 101 | Mendelevium (Md) |
| 102 | Nobelium (No) |
| 103 | Lawrencium (Lr) |
| 104 | Rutherfordium (Rf) |
| 105 | Dubnium (Db) |
| 106 | Seaborgium (Sg) |
| 107 | Bohrium (Bh) |
| 108 | Hassium (Hs) |
| 109 | Meitnerium (Mt) |
| 110 | Darmstadtium (Ds) |
| 111 | Roentgenium (Rg) |
| 112 | Copernicium (Cn) |
| 113 | Nihonium (Nh) |
| 114 | Flerovium (Fl) |
| 115 | Moscovium (Mc) |
| 116 | Livermorium (Lv) |
| 117 | Tennessine (Ts) |
| 118 | Oganesson (Og) |