RRB JE CBT2 : EXPERT
20 Jun

Ease of Doing Business: India’s Ongoing Regulatory Transformation

Analysis

Union Budget 2026-27 Reinforces Ease of Doing Business as a Growth Multiplier

The Union Budget 2026-27 places Ease of Doing Business (EoDB) at the centre of India's growth strategy by focusing on digitisation, tax certainty, trust-based governance, trade facilitation, compliance reduction, and investor-friendly reforms. The objective is to create a more predictable, transparent, and efficient business environment that supports domestic entrepreneurship, attracts foreign investment, and strengthens India's integration into global value chains.The reforms build upon a decade-long transformation in regulatory governance aimed at reducing procedural bottlenecks, simplifying approvals, and improving the overall business ecosystem. These initiatives are aligned with the vision of Viksit Bharat @2047, which seeks to position India as a globally competitive and developed economy.

Growing Investor Confidence Reflects Reform Success

India's sustained regulatory reforms have translated into significant economic outcomes. Between 2014 and 2025, the country attracted USD 748.38 billion in Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), representing a 143% increase over the previous eleven-year period.Simultaneously, the number of active registered companies increased from 1.55 lakh in 2020-21 to 1.98 lakh in 2025-26, reflecting rising entrepreneurial activity and growing confidence in India's business environment. These trends demonstrate the positive impact of policy reforms on investment, formalisation, and enterprise growth.

Digital Trade Facilitation and Customs Modernisation

A major focus area of the Budget is the modernisation of customs and trade logistics through digital integration and technology-driven governance.The Government proposes the establishment of a single interconnected digital window for cargo clearance approvals, enabling seamless interaction among multiple regulatory agencies. Goods that do not require additional compliance clearances will receive immediate customs clearance upon online registration and duty payment.Further, a Customs Integrated System (CIS) will be implemented over the next two years as a unified platform for all customs processes. The use of Artificial Intelligence (AI), advanced imaging technologies, and non-intrusive container scanning will be expanded across major ports with the objective of scanning every container while minimizing physical inspections.These measures are expected to reduce transaction costs, improve logistics efficiency, and enhance India's competitiveness in international trade.

Liberalisation of Foreign Investment Norms

To deepen capital markets and attract global investment, the Budget proposes significant reforms under the Portfolio Investment Scheme (PIS).Individual Persons Resident Outside India (PROIs) will now be allowed to invest in equity instruments of listed Indian companies. The individual investment limit under PIS is proposed to increase from 5% to 10%, while the overall limit for individual PROIs is proposed to rise from 10% to 24%.These reforms are expected to enhance market liquidity, broaden investor participation, and strengthen India's attractiveness as an investment destination.

Tax Certainty and Investor-Friendly Tax Reforms

One of the most significant proposals relates to the rationalisation of the Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT) framework.The Budget proposes:

  • Exemption from MAT for non-residents paying tax under presumptive taxation.
  • Reduction of the MAT rate from 15% to 14%.
  • Conversion of MAT into a final tax mechanism.
  • Expanded utilisation of MAT credits.
  • Tax treatment of buybacks as capital gains for all shareholders.

These measures seek to reduce tax disputes, improve certainty, and create a more predictable taxation environment for investors and businesses.

Rationalising Litigation and Reducing Compliance Burden

The Budget introduces several measures aimed at reducing litigation and fostering voluntary compliance.Key reforms include:

  • Integrated assessment and penalty proceedings through common orders.
  • Reduction of mandatory pre-deposit requirements from 20% to 10% during appeals.
  • Extension of immunity provisions from under-reporting to misreporting cases subject to payment of additional tax.
  • Decriminalisation of non-production of books of accounts and certain TDS-related procedural defaults.
  • Conversion of several technical penalties into fee-based provisions.
  • Retrospective immunity from prosecution for foreign assets below ₹20 lakh.

These changes represent a shift from punitive enforcement towards a facilitative and trust-based regulatory approach.

Trust-Based Customs Ecosystem

The Government is strengthening the Authorised Economic Operator (AEO) framework to facilitate trusted businesses.Several incentives have been proposed:

  • Duty deferral period for Tier-2 and Tier-3 AEOs increased from 15 days to 30 days.
  • Extension of the same facility to eligible manufacturer-importers.
  • Advance ruling validity extended from 3 years to 5 years.
  • Reduced physical verification of trusted importers.
  • Factory-to-ship clearance through electronic sealing.
  • Immediate release of trusted importer consignments upon arrival.

These reforms are expected to improve supply-chain efficiency and reduce compliance costs for businesses engaged in international trade.

From Regulatory Control to Trust-Based Governance

India's EoDB transformation increasingly focuses on decriminalisation, simplification, and digitisation.The Jan Vishwas (Amendment of Provisions) Act, 2023 decriminalised 183 provisions across 42 Acts. Building upon this initiative, the Jan Vishwas Amendment Bill, 2025 proposes amendments to 355 provisions, including the decriminalisation of 288 provisions related to Ease of Doing Business and 67 provisions aimed at Ease of Living.Environmental legislation, including provisions under:

  • Environment Protection Act, 1986
  • Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981
  • Indian Forest Act, 1927
  • Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974

have also witnessed rationalisation of minor offences to encourage trust-based governance.

National Single Window System: Digital Approval Ecosystem

The National Single Window System (NSWS) has emerged as a flagship digital reform for business approvals.The platform:

  • Integrates 32 Central Ministries/Departments.
  • Covers 32 States and UTs.
  • Provides access to over 698 Central approvals.
  • Integrates more than 7,435 State-level approvals.
  • Has facilitated over 8.29 lakh approvals since launch.

NSWS significantly reduces approval timelines, simplifies documentation, and improves transparency through a unified digital interface.

State-Led Regulatory Innovations

Several States and Union Territories have introduced innovative reforms beyond standard templates.Key initiatives include:

  • Elimination of land conversion requirements in Andhra Pradesh and Uttarakhand.
  • Negative land-use lists in Assam, Odisha, Tripura, Puducherry, and Jammu & Kashmir.
  • Liberalised building regulations in Haryana, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Odisha, and Uttarakhand.
  • Third-party building plan approvals in Chhattisgarh, Rajasthan, Mizoram, Tripura, and Uttar Pradesh.
  • Labour reforms supporting women's employment in Bihar, Gujarat, Odisha, Maharashtra, and Telangana.

These reforms demonstrate the increasing role of States as critical drivers of India's Ease of Doing Business ecosystem.

Structural Reforms Strengthening Business Environment

Beyond Budget announcements, broader structural reforms continue to improve business efficiency.Key developments include:

  • RBI consolidation of over 9,000 regulatory circulars into 238 Master Directions.
  • 100% FDI in insurance companies under the amended insurance framework.
  • Digital MSME lending through the Credit Assessment Model (CAM).
  • Consolidation of 29 labour laws into four Labour Codes.
  • Introduction of GST 2.0, featuring simplified tax structures and rationalised rates.

These reforms collectively reduce regulatory complexity, improve access to finance, and enhance operational flexibility for businesses.

Conclusion

India's Ease of Doing Business agenda has evolved from administrative simplification to a comprehensive framework encompassing digital governance, trust-based regulation, tax certainty, customs modernisation, and investment facilitation. The Union Budget 2026-27 further strengthens this trajectory through targeted reforms aimed at reducing compliance burdens, enhancing investor confidence, and improving business predictability. As India advances toward the vision of Viksit Bharat @2047, sustained regulatory transformation will remain central to accelerating economic growth, attracting global capital, and strengthening competitiveness.


Static Part

Ease of Doing Business (EoDB)

  • Objective:
    • Reduce regulatory burden.
    • Improve business efficiency.
    • Increase transparency.
    • Attract domestic and foreign investment.
  • Focus Areas:
    • Digitisation.
    • Compliance reduction.
    • Tax certainty.
    • Trust-based governance.
    • Trade facilitation.

National Single Window System (NSWS)

  • Ministry:
    • Ministry of Commerce & Industry.
  • Nodal Department:
    • Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT).
  • Purpose:
    • Single digital platform for business approvals.
  • Coverage:
    • 32 Central Departments.
    • 32 States and UTs.
  • Approvals Available:
    • 698+ Central Approvals.
    • 7,435+ State Approvals.

Jan Vishwas (Amendment of Provisions) Act, 2023

  • Objective:
    • Decriminalisation of minor procedural offences.
    • Promotion of trust-based governance.
    • Reduction in litigation and compliance burden.
  • Key Feature:
    • Decriminalised 183 provisions across 42 Central Acts.

Authorised Economic Operator (AEO)

  • Implemented by:
    • Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs (CBIC).
  • Objective:
    • Facilitate trusted traders.
    • Faster customs clearance.
    • Reduced inspections.
    • Lower transaction costs.

Portfolio Investment Scheme (PIS)

  • Regulator:
    • Reserve Bank of India
  • Purpose:
    • Enables overseas investors to invest in Indian securities.
  • Recent Reform:
    • Enhanced investment limits for Persons Resident Outside India (PROIs).

Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT)

  • Introduced:
    • To ensure profitable companies pay a minimum level of tax.
  • Purpose:
    • Bring "zero-tax companies" into the tax net.
  • Budget 2026-27 Proposal:
    • MAT rate reduced from 15% to 14%.
    • Proposed as final tax.

Business Reforms Action Plan (BRAP)

  • Implemented by:
    • DPIIT.
  • Launched:
    • 2015.
  • Objective:
    • Improve Ease of Doing Business across States and UTs.
  • Latest Edition:
    • BRAP 2026.

Credit Assessment Model (CAM)

  • Launched:
    • 2025.
  • Implemented by:
    • Public Sector Banks.
  • Objective:
    • Digital MSME loan assessment using verified digital footprints.
    • Faster credit delivery.

GST 2.0

  • Objective:
    • Simplified tax structure.
    • Reduced compliance costs.
    • Improved tax certainty.
    • Expansion of formal economy.

Updated – 05 February 2026 ; 06:06 PM | News Source:

PIB Delhi – Ease of Doing Business: India’s Ongoing Regulatory Transformation

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