Elements (Atomic No. 1–70) – State & Colour

09 Apr

Elements (Atomic No. 1–70) – State & Colour (Updated Table)

Z	Element	Symbol	State	Colour (Typical)
1	Hydrogen	H	Gas	Colourless
2	Helium	He	Gas	Colourless
3	Lithium	Li	Solid	Silvery
4	Beryllium	Be	Solid	Grey
5	Boron	B	Solid	Black/Brown
6	Carbon	C	Solid	Black (graphite)
7	Nitrogen	N	Gas	Colourless
8	Oxygen	O	Gas	Colourless
9	Fluorine	F	Gas	Pale Yellow
10	Neon	Ne	Gas	Colourless
11	Sodium	Na	Solid	Silvery
12	Magnesium	Mg	Solid	Silvery
13	Aluminium	Al	Solid	Silvery
14	Silicon	Si	Solid	Grey
15	Phosphorus	P	Solid	White/Red
16	Sulfur	S	Solid	Yellow
17	Chlorine	Cl	Gas	Greenish Yellow
18	Argon	Ar	Gas	Colourless
19	Potassium	K	Solid	Silvery
20	Calcium	Ca	Solid	Grey
21	Scandium	Sc	Solid	Silvery
22	Titanium	Ti	Solid	Silvery
23	Vanadium	V	Solid	Grey
24	Chromium	Cr	Solid	Silvery
25	Manganese	Mn	Solid	Grey
26	Iron	Fe	Solid	Grey
27	Cobalt	Co	Solid	Grey
28	Nickel	Ni	Solid	Silvery
29	Copper	Cu	Solid	Reddish Brown
30	Zinc	Zn	Solid	Bluish Silver
31	Gallium	Ga	Solid	Silvery
32	Germanium	Ge	Solid	Grey
33	Arsenic	As	Solid	Grey
34	Selenium	Se	Solid	Grey/Red
35	Bromine	Br	Liquid	Reddish Brown
36	Krypton	Kr	Gas	Colourless
37	Rubidium	Rb	Solid	Silvery
38	Strontium	Sr	Solid	Silvery
39	Yttrium	Y	Solid	Silvery
40	Zirconium	Zr	Solid	Grey
41	Niobium	Nb	Solid	Grey
42	Molybdenum	Mo	Solid	Grey
43	Technetium	Tc	Solid	Grey
44	Ruthenium	Ru	Solid	Grey
45	Rhodium	Rh	Solid	Silvery
46	Palladium	Pd	Solid	Silvery
47	Silver	Ag	Solid	Shiny Silver
48	Cadmium	Cd	Solid	Bluish Silver
49	Indium	In	Solid	Silvery
50	Tin	Sn	Solid	Silvery
51	Antimony	Sb	Solid	Silvery
52	Tellurium	Te	Solid	Grey
53	Iodine	I	Solid	Violet/Black
54	Xenon	Xe	Gas	Colourless
55	Cesium	Cs	Solid	Pale Gold
56	Barium	Ba	Solid	Silvery
57	Lanthanum	La	Solid	Silvery
58	Cerium	Ce	Solid	Silvery
60	Neodymium	Nd	Solid	Silvery
61	Promethium	Pm	Solid	Grey
63	Europium	Eu	Solid	Silvery
64	Gadolinium	Gd	Solid	Silvery
66	Dysprosium	Dy	Solid	Silvery
70	Ytterbium	Yb	Solid	Silvery

1. ELECTRONEGATIVITY (Attraction for electrons)

Most Electronegative → Fluorine (F)
Least Electronegative → Cesium (Cs) / Francium (Fr) (Cs used in exams)

👉 Trend: ↑ across period, ↓ down group

2. REACTIVITY

Most Reactive

Metal → Cesium (Cs) (very explosive with water)
Non-metal → Fluorine (F) (highest reactivity overall)

Least Reactive

Noble Gases (Group 18)→
- Helium (He), Neon (Ne) (almost inert)

3. HARDNESS

Hardest Element (Natural) → Carbon (Diamond form)
Softest Metal → Cesium (Cs) (can be cut easily)

4. ATOMIC MASS / HEAVIEST & LIGHTEST

Lightest Element → Hydrogen (H)
Heaviest Naturally Occurring Element → Uranium (U)

5. ABUNDANCE (Earth / Nature)

Most Abundant

In Earth’s Crust → Oxygen (O)
In Universe → Hydrogen (H)

Least Abundant (Rare)

Astatine (At) (rarest natural element)

6. MOST EXPENSIVE / RARE ELEMENTS

Most Expensive Natural Element → Rhodium (Rh)
Very Rare & Expensive:
- Platinum (Pt)
- Gold (Au)
- Iridium (Ir)

UPPSCMPPSCBPSCUPSCChemistry

Comments