| Original Jurisdiction | Article 131 – Exclusive jurisdiction in disputes between the Centre and States or between States involving legal rights. | Limited original jurisdiction; varies from State to State (e.g., civil, criminal, constitutional and election matters in certain cases). |
| Appellate Jurisdiction | Article 132 – Constitutional AppealsArticle 133 – Civil AppealsArticle 134 – Criminal AppealsArticle 136 – Special Leave Petition (SLP) | Hears appeals (civil and criminal) from subordinate courts within its territorial jurisdiction. |
| Special Leave Petition (SLP) | Article 136 – May grant Special Leave to Appeal against judgments of any court or tribunal (except Armed Forces Tribunals). | No power to grant Special Leave Petition. |
| Judicial Review | Yes. Can declare laws or executive actions unconstitutional. | Yes. Can declare laws or executive actions unconstitutional. |
| Review of Judgments | Article 137 – Can review its own judgments. | Can review its own judgments under constitutional and statutory provisions. |
| Transfer of Cases | Article 139A – Can transfer cases between High Courts or withdraw cases involving the same substantial question of law. | Can transfer cases among subordinate courts within the State under procedural laws. |
| Advisory Jurisdiction | Article 143 – President may seek the advisory opinion of the Supreme Court. | No advisory jurisdiction. |
| Binding Nature of Judgments | Article 141 – Law declared by the Supreme Court is binding on all courts in India. | Judgments are binding on subordinate courts within its territorial jurisdiction and are persuasive for other High Courts. |
| Complete Justice | Article 142 – May pass any decree or order necessary for doing complete justice in any case. | No equivalent constitutional power. |
| Superintendence | No general supervisory jurisdiction over all courts. | Article 227 – Exercises superintendence over all subordinate courts and tribunals within its jurisdiction. |
| Administrative Control | No direct administrative control over subordinate judiciary. | Article 235 – Exercises administrative and disciplinary control over subordinate courts and judicial officers. |
| Seat | Article 130 – Seat of the Supreme Court is New Delhi, though it may sit elsewhere with the President's approval. | Seat is determined by law for each High Court; some High Courts also have permanent or circuit benches. |