IN NEWS
Ozone layer on track to return to 1980s levels by mid-century, says WMO report
Introduction
A report by the World Meteorological Organization indicates that the Earth’s ozone layer is recovering and is projected to return to 1980s levels by mid-century. The findings underline the success of global environmental agreements, particularly the Montreal Protocol.
Key Highlights from WMO Ozone Bulletin (2024)
The report shows a clear improving trend in stratospheric ozone levels, though short-term variations persist due to natural factors.
- The 2024 Antarctic ozone hole:
- Smaller than recent years (2020–2023)
- Peak ozone mass deficit:
- 46.1 million tonnes (29 September 2024)
- Observed pattern:
- Slow and delayed onset of depletion
- Rapid recovery after September
This delayed depletion trend is considered a robust signal of early-stage recovery of the ozone layer.
Scientific Basis of Recovery
The report clarifies that:
- Natural atmospheric conditions influenced year-to-year variations
- However, long-term recovery is driven by reduction in ozone-depleting substances (ODS)
- Indicates success of policy-driven environmental correction
Thus, the ozone layer recovery is a combination of natural variability and sustained global intervention.
Role of Global Environmental Agreements
Montreal Protocol (1987)
- Phased out over 99% of controlled ozone-depleting substances
- Applied to sectors like:
- Refrigeration
- Air conditioning
- Aerosols
Vienna Convention (1985)
- Provided the framework for global cooperation
- Focus areas:
- Scientific research
- Monitoring and data sharing
These agreements are considered milestones in international environmental governance.
Projected Recovery Timeline
As per scientific assessments:
- Global ozone levels → Expected to reach 1980 levels by mid-century
- Recovery depends on:
- Continued adherence to protocols
- Monitoring of substitute chemicals
Significance of Ozone Layer Recovery
Health Impact
- Reduced exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation
- Decrease in:
- Skin cancer cases
- Eye-related diseases (cataracts)
Environmental Impact
- Protection of:
- Ecosystems
- Agricultural productivity
Climate Linkages
- Regulation of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) contributes to climate mitigation
Concerns and Way Forward
The report highlights that:
- Monitoring of ozone and related substances must continue
- Replacement chemicals require strict regulation
- Sustained global cooperation is essential
Hence, while progress is significant, complete recovery requires continued vigilance.
NECESSARY STATIC PART
World Meteorological Organization (WMO)
- Type: United Nations specialized agency
- Function (as per input):
- Publishes Ozone Bulletin
- Conducts scientific assessments on ozone depletion
- Facilitates global atmospheric monitoring and cooperation
Report Mentioned
- WMO Ozone Bulletin (2024)
Updated – 16 September 2025 ; 08:21 AM News Source: The Times of India