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07 May

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Sambhar Lake Records Major Rebound in Migratory Waterbird Population During Asian Waterbird Census 2026

ANALYSIS

India’s largest inland saltwater wetland, Sambhar Lake in Rajasthan, has recorded a significant rebound in migratory bird populations during the Asian Waterbird Census (AWC) 2026. The census reported nearly 2.3 lakh migratory waterbirds belonging to 47 species, reaffirming Sambhar Lake’s ecological importance as a major wetland ecosystem on the Central Asian Flyway. The revival is being viewed as an encouraging development for wetland conservation after years of ecological stress and bird mortality events in the lake ecosystem.

Sambhar Lake as a Critical Migratory Bird Habitat

Sambhar Lake functions as a key stopover and wintering ground for migratory birds arriving from:

  • Central Asia
  • Arctic breeding regions
  • Europe

The lake forms an important part of the Central Asian Flyway, one of the world’s major migratory bird routes extending from Arctic regions to South Asia. The 2026 census was conducted across:

  • Main Sambhar Lake
  • Sitarampura Lake
  • Naliyasar Lake

The exercise was led by noted environmentalist and bird enthusiast Abid Ali Khan in collaboration with forest department officials and volunteers.

Major Findings of the 2026 Census

Migratory birds accounted for nearly 99.5% of the total bird population recorded at Sambhar Lake. Flamingos dominated the census figures.Key observations included:

SpeciesApproximate Count
Lesser FlamingosNearly 1.4 lakh
Greater FlamingosMore than 37,000
Northern ShovelersOver 31,000
AvocetsNearly 6,000
Common TealsAround 4,300
GadwallsAround 1,400
Little StintsOver 1,000
Marsh Sandpipers327

The huge flamingo concentration turned vast stretches of the hypersaline lake ecosystem pink, aided by favourable rainfall and suitable shallow-water conditions.

Significant Recovery Compared to Previous Years

The census indicates a sharp ecological rebound when compared with earlier years.Important trends include:

  • Around 43,500 birds from 31 species were recorded in 2020.
  • Species diversity and bird population declined sharply in 2022.
  • Strong recovery was visible in 2025 and 2026.

The rise in water levels due to favourable rainfall is considered a major factor behind improved habitat conditions.

Ecological Threats to Sambhar Wetland

Despite the encouraging recovery, the census report highlighted persistent threats to the wetland ecosystem.Major concerns include:

  • Pollution from untreated domestic sewage
  • Industrial waste discharge
  • Illegal borewells
  • Excessive groundwater extraction
  • Encroachments and unauthorised saltpan expansion
  • Disturbance from tourism activities such as drones, vehicle movement and film shoots
  • Invasive plant species
  • Habitat disturbance by stray dogs

The ecological fragility of Sambhar Lake became evident during the 2019 avian botulism outbreak, which killed over 20,000 birds.

Importance of Asian Waterbird Census (AWC)

The Asian Waterbird Census is an annual citizen-science initiative aimed at monitoring waterbird populations and wetland ecosystems across Asia.The census helps in:

  • Tracking migratory bird trends
  • Monitoring wetland health
  • Identifying ecological threats
  • Supporting conservation planning

The year 2026 marks:

  • 40th Asian Waterbird Census
  • 60th International Waterbird Census (IWC)

STATIC PART

Sambhar Lake

FeatureDetails
LocationRajasthan
TypeInland saltwater wetland
ImportanceIndia’s largest inland saline lake
International StatusRamsar Site
Ecological RoleImportant habitat for migratory birds
Flyway AssociationCentral Asian Flyway

Central Asian Flyway

FeatureDetails
TypeMajor migratory bird route
ExtentArctic regions to South Asia
ImportanceSupports migratory waterbirds and wetland ecosystems

Asian Waterbird Census (AWC)

FeatureDetails
NatureAnnual waterbird monitoring programme
ObjectiveMonitoring migratory and resident waterbird populations
2026 Significance40th AWC and 60th International Waterbird Census

Ramsar Site

FeatureDetails
PurposeConservation and sustainable use of wetlands
ImportanceInternational recognition for ecologically significant wetlands

Updated – 28 January 2026 ; 02:28 AM |Times of India News Source

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