| Act | Key Provisions |
|---|---|
| Charter Act 1793 | • Authority granted to give licenses to individuals & Company employees to trade in India. • Continued the Permanent Settlement system. |
| Charter Act 1813 | • Trade monopoly of East India Company ended except China trade & Tea trade. • Local governments empowered to impose & collect taxes. • Governor-General & Council powers expanded. • Council obtained full powers regarding revenue and 1 single budget system for India. • English education introduced. |
| Charter Act 1833 (St. Helena Act) | • Governor-General of Bengal became Governor-General of India. • Lord William Bentinck – 1st Governor-General of India. • Company trade monopoly completely abolished. • Centralized administration in India. |
| Government of India Act 1858 | • Company rule abolished and India brought under British Crown. • Created 1 Secretary of State for India and India Office in London. • Lord Canning – 1st Viceroy of India. • Ended dual government system. • Issued Queen’s Proclamation (1858). |
| Indian Councils Act 1861 | • Executive Council expanded to 5 members – Home, Military, Law, Revenue, Finance. • Portfolio System introduced by Lord Canning. • Governor-General given power to issue ordinances. • Indians associated with legislative councils for 1st time. |
| Indian Councils Act 1892 | • 1st introduction of election element in legislative councils. • Indian representation increased. • Out of 24 members, 5 were Indians. • Members allowed to discuss budget. |
| Indian Councils Act 1909 (Morley–Minto Reforms) | • Introduced Separate Electorates for Muslims. • Central Legislative Council renamed as Imperial Legislative Council. • Council size increased (16 → 60 members). • Indians appointed to Executive Councils of Viceroy & Governors. • Non-official majority introduced in provincial councils. |
| Government of India Act 1919 (Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms) | • Introduced Bicameral Legislature at Centre (2 houses). • Introduced Dyarchy in Provinces (2 subjects – Transferred & Reserved). • Central & Provincial subjects separated. • Legislative Assembly term – 3 years. • Secretary of State salary paid from British Exchequer. • Criticised as “Sunless Dawn” – Bal Gangadhar Tilak. |
| Government of India Act 1935 | • Introduced Provincial Autonomy. • Proposed 1 All-India Federation. • Legislative powers divided between Centre & Provinces. • Dyarchy abolished in Provinces. • Residuary powers vested in Governor-General. • Special powers to Governors. • Women representation allowed in legislatures. |
✅ Ultra-Quick Revision (Numeric Keywords)
| Year | Key Feature |
|---|---|
| 1793 | License Trade |
| 1813 | Trade Monopoly End (Except Tea & China) |
| 1833 | 1st GG of India – Bentinck |
| 1858 | Crown Rule + 1 Secretary of State |
| 1861 | 5 Member Council + Portfolio System |
| 1892 | 1st Election Element |
| 1909 | Separate Electorate (Muslims) |
| 1919 | Dyarchy + 2 Houses |
| 1935 | Provincial Autonomy |
Example Text
The first budget in India was introduced on April 7, 1860, by Scottish economist James Wilson,
While the ability for Indian members to discuss the budget was later introduced through the Indian Councils Act of 1892