RRB JE CBT2 : EXPERT
21 Jun

Swachh Bharat Mission–Urban 2.0: Progress in Urban Sanitation and Waste Management

Analysis

Strengthening Urban Sanitation Through SBM-U 2.0

The Government of India has continued to strengthen urban sanitation and solid waste management through Swachh Bharat Mission–Urban (SBM-U) 2.0, launched in October 2021. The mission aims to achieve the vision of Garbage Free Cities by ensuring 100% door-to-door waste collection, source segregation, scientific processing of waste, used water management, and remediation of legacy dumpsites. The programme provides Additional Central Assistance (ACA) along with technical and managerial support to States and Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) for achieving sustainable urban sanitation outcomes.

Fund Release Mechanism Based on Performance and Utilisation

Under SBM-U 2.0, the release of Central Share (CS) funds is linked to approved action plans submitted by States and Union Territories under various mission components, including:

  • Individual Household Latrines (IHHLs)
  • Community Toilets (CTs)
  • Public Toilets (PTs)
  • Used Water Management
  • Solid Waste Management
  • Information, Education, Communication & Behaviour Change (IEC&BC)
  • Capacity Building & Skill Development (CB&SD)

The action plans are first approved by the State Level Technical Committee (SLTC) and subsequently by the National Advisory and Review Committee (NARC) before central funds are released. Further installments are linked to utilisation of previous funds and physical progress achieved by States and UTs.

Digital Financial Governance Through SNA-Sparsh

Since October 2024, SBM-U 2.0 has adopted the SNA-Sparsh framework, integrating:

  • Public Financial Management System (PFMS)
  • State Integrated Financial Management Information Systems (IFMIS)
  • RBI’s e-Kuber Platform

This system enables fund releases based on actual claims and expenditure incurred by States and UTs, thereby enhancing transparency, accountability, and efficiency in financial management.As per available data, States and UTs have raised claims worth ₹811.36 crore under SBM-U 2.0 during the current year through the SNA-Sparsh mechanism.

Financial Monitoring and Audit Mechanism

The mission follows a robust financial monitoring framework through submission of Utilisation Certificates (UCs) by States and UTs. Out of ₹6,876 crore released under SBM-U 2.0, utilisation certificates amounting to ₹2,029.09 crore have already been received.The Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) of India remains the constitutional authority responsible for auditing government accounts. However, no separate audit mechanism has been prescribed specifically for urban sanitation activities under the mission.

Mechanised Road Sweeping for Cleaner Urban Centres

To improve urban cleanliness and support air quality management, 152 towns (including National Clean Air Programme (NCAP) cities and Urban Local Bodies with population exceeding five lakh) are eligible for additional central assistance for procurement of Mechanical Road Sweepers (MRSs).So far:

  • 113 NCAP cities and ULBs have submitted proposals.
  • Procurement of 580 Mechanical Road Sweepers has been approved.
  • Total project cost: ₹323 crore
  • Central Share: ₹96 crore

This initiative is expected to improve urban cleanliness, reduce road dust, and contribute to air pollution mitigation efforts.

Significant Progress in Municipal Solid Waste Management

India's urban areas currently generate approximately 1,62,468 tonnes per day (TPD) of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW).Out of this:

  • 1,30,484 TPD is being processed scientifically.
  • Waste processing capacity has increased from 16% in 2014 to 80.31% in 2025.

This remarkable improvement reflects the creation of large-scale waste processing infrastructure across the country.

Expansion of Waste Processing Infrastructure

A total of 7,783 solid waste processing facilities have been established under the mission, including:

  • Material Recovery Facilities (MRFs)
  • Transfer Stations
  • Composting Plants
  • Construction & Demolition (C&D) Waste Plants
  • Waste-to-Energy Plants
  • Waste-to-Electricity Facilities
  • Bio-methanation Plants

These facilities play a critical role in reducing landfill dependency and promoting circular economy principles in urban waste management.

Legacy Dumpsite Remediation: Transforming Urban Landscapes

One of the major objectives of SBM-U 2.0 is the scientific remediation of legacy dumpsites accumulated over decades.Key achievements include:

IndicatorStatus
Identified Dumpsites2,478
Total Waste Identified25.04 Crore Metric Tonnes
Dumpsites Fully Remediated1,096
Dumpsites Under Remediation986
Waste Remediated15.20 Crore Metric Tonnes (61%)
Land Reclaimed7,903.47 Acres (52%)

The reclamation of land from old dumpsites creates opportunities for developing urban green spaces, public infrastructure, and recreational facilities while reducing environmental hazards.

Implications

The progress under SBM-U 2.0 demonstrates India's transition from a sanitation-focused programme to a comprehensive urban waste management framework. Increased waste processing capacity, mechanisation of sanitation services, digital financial monitoring, and large-scale dumpsite remediation collectively contribute towards:

  • Sustainable urban development.
  • Improved public health outcomes.
  • Circular economy promotion.
  • Climate resilience.
  • Cleaner and more liveable cities.
  • Achievement of SDG-11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities).

Static Part

Swachh Bharat Mission – Urban (SBM-U) 2.0

  • Launch Year: October 2021
  • Ministry:
    • Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA)
  • Objective:
    • Garbage Free Cities.
    • 100% door-to-door collection.
    • Source segregation of waste.
    • Scientific waste processing.
    • Legacy dumpsite remediation.
    • Used water management.

National Advisory and Review Committee (NARC)

  • Function:
    • Approval of State Action Plans under SBM-U 2.0.
    • Monitoring implementation progress.
    • Facilitating fund release recommendations.

State Level Technical Committee (SLTC)

  • Function:
    • Technical appraisal of State Action Plans.
    • Review of project proposals before submission to NARC.

SNA-Sparsh

  • Operational Since:
    • October 2024.
  • Integrated With:
    • PFMS.
    • State IFMIS.
    • RBI e-Kuber.
  • Objective:
    • Real-time fund flow monitoring.
    • Bill-based fund release mechanism.
    • Enhanced transparency and accountability.

Public Financial Management System (PFMS)

  • Nodal Agency:
    • Controller General of Accounts (CGA), Ministry of Finance.
  • Function:
    • Tracking fund flow.
    • Monitoring expenditure.
    • Direct Benefit Transfers and scheme payments.

e-Kuber

  • Developed By:
    • Reserve Bank of India
  • Function:
    • Core banking platform for Government transactions.
    • Electronic fund settlement and treasury operations.

National Clean Air Programme (NCAP)

  • Launch Year:
    • 2019.
  • Ministry:
    • Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change.
  • Objective:
    • Reduction of particulate pollution in non-attainment cities.
    • Strengthening air quality monitoring and management.

Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) of India

  • Constitutional Provision:
    • Articles 148–151 of the Constitution.
  • Function:
    • Audit of Union and State Government accounts.
    • Financial accountability and transparency.
  • Headquarters:
    • New Delhi.

Updated – 11 December 2025 ; 07:35 PM | News Source:

PIB Delhi – Implementation of Swachh Bharat Mission–Urban

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