RRB JE CBT2 : EXPERT
21 Jun

Swachh Vayu Diwas 2024: India's Multi-Dimensional Strategy for Clean Air and Sustainable Urban Development

Analysis

Clean Air as a Public Health and Development Imperative

Air pollution has emerged as one of the most significant environmental and public health challenges confronting the world. Recognising the urgent need for collective action, the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) designated 7 September as the International Day of Clean Air for Blue Skies in 2019. The theme for 2024, "Invest in #CleanAirNow", highlights the necessity of sustained investments in air quality improvement.In alignment with this global initiative, India observes Swachh Vayu Diwas on 7 September every year, reaffirming its commitment towards cleaner air, sustainable urbanisation, and improved quality of life.

National Clean Air Programme (NCAP): India's Flagship Clean Air Mission

Launched in 2019, the National Clean Air Programme (NCAP) represents India's first comprehensive national framework for tackling urban air pollution.Initially, the programme targeted:

  • Reduction of PM10 levels by 20–30% by 2024-25 over the baseline year 2017-18.

The target has subsequently been enhanced to:

  • 40% reduction in PM10 concentration or
  • Achievement of National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) of 60 µg/m³ by 2025-26.

The programme currently covers 131 cities across 24 States and Union Territories.

Significant Improvement in Urban Air Quality

The implementation of NCAP has begun yielding measurable outcomes.Key achievements include:

IndicatorAchievement
NCAP Cities Covered131
Cities Showing Air Quality Improvement95
Cities Achieving >20% PM10 Reduction51
Cities Achieving >40% PM10 Reduction21
Cities Meeting NAAQS Standards18

These achievements indicate the effectiveness of targeted interventions and inter-sectoral coordination.

Financial Support and Resource Convergence

To support implementation of city-specific action plans, the Government has earmarked:

  • ₹19,614.44 crore for the period FY 2019-20 to FY 2025-26.

Funding sources include:

  • XV Finance Commission Air Quality Grants.
  • Control of Pollution Scheme under MoEFCC.

So far:

  • ₹11,211.13 crore has been released to NCAP cities.

An important feature of NCAP is its convergence model, integrating resources from:

  • Swachh Bharat Mission (Urban)
  • AMRUT
  • Smart Cities Mission
  • SATAT
  • FAME-II
  • Nagar Van Yojana
  • State Government Schemes

This ensures efficient utilisation of public resources for clean air objectives.

PRANA Portal: Technology-Driven Monitoring

The PRANA (Portal for Regulation of Air Pollution in Non-Attainment Cities) serves as the central monitoring platform for NCAP implementation.Functions include:

  • Tracking physical progress.
  • Monitoring financial utilisation.
  • Public dissemination of information.
  • Supporting evidence-based policymaking.

The portal enhances transparency and accountability in programme implementation.

City Action Plans: Source-Specific Pollution Management

All 131 NCAP cities have prepared City Action Plans (CAPs).The plans focus on city-specific pollution sources such as:

  • Road and soil dust.
  • Vehicular emissions.
  • Domestic fuel combustion.
  • Municipal Solid Waste burning.
  • Construction activities.
  • Industrial emissions.

This localised strategy improves effectiveness of pollution mitigation measures.

Emergency Response Systems for Seasonal Pollution

Recognising the deterioration of air quality during winter months, all NCAP cities have developed:

  • Emergency Response Systems (ERS).
  • Graded Response Action Plans (GRAP).

These mechanisms facilitate rapid interventions during severe pollution episodes.

Swachh Vayu Survekshan: Competitive Federalism for Clean Air

The Swachh Vayu Survekshan is an innovative ranking framework developed by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change.Cities are evaluated on:

  • Air quality improvement.
  • Implementation of City Action Plans.
  • Citizen participation.
  • Institutional effectiveness.

Top-performing cities receive:

  • Cash awards.
  • Trophies.
  • Certificates under the title "National Clean Air City".

The initiative promotes competitive federalism and encourages best practices.

Urban Development and Air Quality: Role of MoHUA

The Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs contributes significantly to clean air efforts through sustainable urban transport initiatives.Key interventions include:

Metro Rail Expansion

Support for metro rail systems to reduce vehicular congestion and emissions.

MetroLite and MetroNeo Systems

Introduced as cost-effective public transport solutions for:

  • Tier-II cities.
  • Peripheral areas of metropolitan regions.

Bus-Based Public Transport

Expansion of public transport systems in:

  • 102 cities with population exceeding five lakh.

These interventions aim to reduce dependence on private vehicles.

Swachh Bharat Mission and Air Pollution Control

Several activities under Swachh Bharat Mission contribute directly to improved air quality.These include:

  • Mechanical road sweeping.
  • Dust suppression systems.
  • Water sprinkling mechanisms.
  • Solid waste management.
  • Prevention of open waste burning.
  • Legacy waste remediation.
  • Bio-methanation projects.

The integration of sanitation and air quality objectives reflects a holistic urban governance approach.

Nagar Van Yojana: Green Infrastructure for Cleaner Air

Urban forests play a critical role in improving air quality and urban ecology.Launched in 2020, Nagar Van Yojana aims to create:

  • 1000 Nagar Vans.
  • Urban biodiversity parks.
  • Community green spaces.

Achievements:

  • 385 projects sanctioned across the country.

The scheme promotes:

  • Urban forestry.
  • Carbon sequestration.
  • Heat island reduction.
  • Community participation.

Ek Ped Maa Ke Naam: Citizen-Led Environmental Stewardship

The Ek Ped Maa Ke Naam initiative complements NCAP by encouraging mass tree plantation.The campaign contributes to:

  • Enhanced green cover.
  • Carbon absorption.
  • Public awareness.
  • Community participation.

It reflects India's effort to combine environmental action with social mobilisation.

Strengthening Air Quality Monitoring Infrastructure

India has significantly expanded its air quality monitoring network.Current network includes:

Monitoring TypeNumber
Continuous Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations (CAAQMS)545
Manual Monitoring Stations (NAMP)965
Total Monitoring Stations1510
Cities Covered543

This expansion enhances real-time monitoring and policy response.

Other Important Clean Air Initiatives

National Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Programme (NAMP)

Implemented by CPCB in collaboration with:

  • SPCBs
  • PCCs
  • NEERI

Air Quality Index (AQI)

Provides simplified communication of air quality conditions through six categories:

  • Good
  • Satisfactory
  • Moderate
  • Poor
  • Very Poor
  • Severe

Ethanol Blended Petrol (EBP) Programme

Promotes cleaner fuel usage by blending ethanol with petrol to reduce vehicular emissions.

Air Quality Early Warning System

Operational in:

  • Delhi
  • Kanpur
  • Lucknow

Provides advance alerts for pollution episodes.

Implications

India's clean air strategy has evolved into a comprehensive governance framework combining:

  • Regulatory measures.
  • Technology-enabled monitoring.
  • Urban transport reforms.
  • Waste management.
  • Urban forestry.
  • Citizen participation.

The NCAP demonstrates a shift from isolated pollution-control interventions to integrated environmental governance, supporting public health, climate resilience, and sustainable urban development.


Static Part

National Clean Air Programme (NCAP)

  • Launch Year:
    • 2019
  • Ministry:
    • Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC)
  • Coverage:
    • 131 Cities
  • Objective:
    • Reduction in PM10 concentration.
    • Improvement in urban air quality.

PRANA Portal

Portal for Regulation of Air Pollution in Non-Attainment Cities

  • Developed For:
    • Monitoring NCAP implementation.
  • Functions:
    • Physical and financial tracking.
    • Public information dissemination.

Swachh Vayu Survekshan

  • Conducted By:
    • Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change.
  • Purpose:
    • Ranking NCAP cities based on clean air performance.

National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS)

  • Implementing Agency:
    • Central Pollution Control Board
  • PM10 Standard:
    • 60 µg/m³ (Annual Average)

National Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Programme (NAMP)

  • Implemented By:
    • CPCB
  • Partner Agencies:
    • SPCBs
    • PCCs
    • National Environmental Engineering Research Institute

Nagar Van Yojana

  • Launch:
    • 2020
  • Ministry:
    • MoEFCC
  • Objective:
    • Creation of urban forests and green spaces.

Ethanol Blended Petrol (EBP) Programme

  • Objective:
    • Reduce vehicular emissions.
    • Promote biofuels.
    • Reduce crude oil imports.

FAME-II Scheme

Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of Electric Vehicles

  • Ministry:
    • Ministry of Heavy Industries.
  • Objective:
    • Promotion of electric mobility and charging infrastructure.

Updated – 24 September 2024 ; 04:06 PM | News Source:

PIB Delhi – Swachh Vayu Diwas: India’s Commitment to Clean Air

Comments
* The email will not be published on the website.