IN NEWS

Forensic Procedures After Blast Incidents: Key Functions and Scientific Methods

ANALYSIS

1. Context

• On November 10, a major explosion occurred near the Red Fort complex in New Delhi, involving an i20 car.
• The blast destroyed several vehicles and caused the death of 13 people.
• Forensic teams from the Delhi Forensic Laboratory (Explosives Department) reached the site within 30 minutes, along with police personnel.

2. Primary Role of Forensic Experts After a Blast

1. Scientific Examination of the Scene
   • Observe and analyse the scene to determine the cause of explosion.
   • Establish whether the blast was intentional, accidental, or due to mechanical failure.
2. Collection of Physical Evidence
   • Gather samples such as residue, burnt materials, debris fragments, metallic parts, wiring, battery remains, soil samples, etc.
   • Collect biological samples if needed to identify victims or perpetrators.
3. Preservation and Documentation
   • Photograph and map the blast site.
   • Secure evidence in sealed, tamper-proof packets to maintain chain of custody.
4. Laboratory Analysis
   • Conduct rapid tests on collected materials to detect:
     • Explosive substances
     • Accelerants
     • Chemical compositions
     • Triggering mechanisms
   • Use chemical, microscopic, chromatographic, and spectrometric methods.

3. Determining Nature of Explosion

Forensic experts consider:

1. Blast Pattern Analysis
   • Shape and spread of damage help determine epicentre and intensity.
   • Distinguishes between high-order and low-order explosives.
2. Residue Identification
   • Presence of nitrates, nitrites, hydrocarbons, or specific chemical signatures indicates deliberate explosive devices.
3. Mechanical Indicators
   • Fuel tank explosions or electrical system failures show different burn patterns compared to bombs.
4. Trigger Mechanism Detection
   • Examination of wires, timing devices, or switches helps establish whether detonators were used.

4. Internal Structure of Forensic Science Labs

• Several divisions collaborate when investigating blast incidents:
  • Explosives Division
  • Chemistry Division
  • Physics/Ballistics Division
  • Biology/DNA Division
  • Cyber Forensics (if digital triggers are suspected)
• Coordinated analysis ensures accurate conclusions about cause, materials used, and potential perpetrators.

5. Significance of Prompt Forensic Response

• Helps investigators identify:
  • Nature and type of explosive used.
  • Whether the act was intentional (terror-related) or accidental.
  • Possible suspects through scientific linking of materials.
• Quick results aid law enforcement agencies in public safety measures and further prevention.

STATIC PART (Relevant to Input)

Forensic Science Laboratory (FSL): Key Functions

• Provides scientific support to criminal investigations.
• Specialises in ballistics, explosives, toxicology, serology, DNA profiling, and chemical analysis.
• Ensures evidence is processed in accordance with scientific and legal standards.

Explosives Division of FSL

• Examines residues and debris from suspected explosion sites.
• Identifies explosive materials such as RDX, PETN, TNT, ANFO, gelatine sticks, etc.
• Works closely with law enforcement for rapid preliminary assessment.

Updated – 12 November 2025 ; 10:39 AM | News Source: The Hindu