In boost to quantum computing, AI makes atoms dance with lasers

In News – In boost to quantum computing, AI makes atoms dance with lasers

• Context: Researchers in China have developed an AI-based method to rapidly assemble large, defect-free arrays of neutral atoms — a key step toward scalable quantum computers.
• Published in: Physical Review Letters (Aug 8, 2025).

Key Points:

• Quantum Computing Relevance: Neutral atoms (e.g., rubidium) trapped in optical tweezers act as qubits; defect-free large arrays are essential for complex quantum operations & error correction.
• Challenge: Atoms load randomly in optical traps, leaving missing sites; traditional row-by-row rearrangement is slow for large numbers.
• Breakthrough:
  • AI (convolutional neural network) + Hungarian algorithm to optimally pair loaded atoms with target sites.
  • Moves thousands of atoms simultaneously via laser holograms, split into ~20 small smooth steps to avoid heating/loss.
  • Time for rearrangement independent of atom count (e.g., 1,000 vs 10,000).
  • Achieved 2,024-atom defect-free array in ~60 ms.
• Demonstration: Created a Schrödinger’s cat animation by choreographing 549 atoms.
• Technology Used: High numerical aperture lens for precise trapping; high-fidelity imaging; AI calculates adjustments in real-time.

Significance:

• Advances scalable & fast quantum computer architecture.
• AI integration in experimental physics could revolutionise atom-level precision tasks.
• Potential applications in quantum simulations, secure communications, and fundamental physics research.
  
  Updated - August 11, 2025 | 10:46 am IST  | The Hindu