BPSC AEDO 2025-26 : 3/3

Institutes & Their Headquarters (HQ)

1. Sports & Bihar Development

• Bihar CM Nitish Kumar unveiled the official logo (‘shubhankar’) of the Asia Rugby Under-20 Championship.
• The event is to be hosted at the Rajgir Sports Complex.

2. Environment & Wildlife

National Clean Air Programme (NCAP)

• Launched: January 2019
• Ministry: Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC)
• Objective: Reduce particulate matter pollution by 20–30% by 2024

Tigers Outside Tiger Reserves (TOTR) Project

• To be launched by: MoEFCC
• Objective: Reduce human–tiger conflict outside tiger reserves
• Coverage:
  • 80 forest divisions
  • 17 states

States Covered:

Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Odisha, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Goa, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, West Bengal, Assam, Arunachal PradeshKey Fact:

• Around 30% of India’s 3,682 tigers are found outside notified reserves

3. Education Schemes (Chronology Table)

4. Modern & Medieval History

Colonial Administration

• After Battle of Buxar (1764) → Treaty of Allahabad (1765)
• Raja Shitab Rai appointed as Deputy Diwan of Bihar by Robert Clive
• Role: Revenue collection & administration

Medieval & Ancient Facts

• Vengi (Eastern Chalukyas capital) → Modern: Pedavegi (Peddavegi)
• Battle of Haldighati (1576 )
  • Between: Maharana Pratap and Mughal forces led by Man Singh I

Freedom Movements

• Ramosi Rebellion (1822–1841)
  • Region: Maharashtra
  • Leaders: Chittur Singh, Umaji Naik
  • Cause: British annexation policies
• Heraka Movement
  • Founder: Jadonang
  • Objective: Preserve Naga culture
  • Started in 1920s
  • Area: Zeliangrong region (present-day Manipur, Nagaland, Assam)
  • Among Naga tribal communities
    
    
• Temple Entry Movement (1930)
  • Led by: B. R. Ambedkar
  • Place: Kalaram Temple, Nashik

Delhi Sultanate Expansion

• 1203–1204 AD:
  • Bakhtiyar Khalji attacked Nabadwip
  • Defeated Lakshman Sen → captured Bengal

Colonial Treaty

• 1661 Marriage Treaty
  • Between: Charles II of England & Catherine of Braganza
  • Result: Bombay transferred to British as dowry

5. Indian Polity

Linguistic Minorities

• Article 350A → Mother tongue education at primary level
• Article 350B → Special Officer for Linguistic Minorities

Article 19 – Fundamental Freedoms & Restrictions 

1. Article 19(1)(a) – Freedom of Speech and Expression

Restrictions under Article 19(2):

• Sovereignty and Integrity of India
• Security of the State
• Friendly relations with foreign States
• Public order
• Decency or morality
• Contempt of court
• Defamation
• Incitement to an offence

2. Article 19(1)(b) – Freedom of Assembly

Restrictions under Article 19(3):

• Sovereignty and Integrity of India
• Public order

3. Article 19(1)(c) – Freedom of Association

Restrictions under Article 19(4):

• Sovereignty and Integrity of India
• Public order
• Morality

4. Article 19(1)(d) – Freedom of Movement

Restrictions under Article 19(5):

• Interest of general public
• Protection of interests of Scheduled Tribes

5. Article 19(1)(e) – Freedom of Residence

Restrictions under Article 19(5):

• Interest of general public
• Protection of interests of Scheduled Tribes

6. Article 19(1)(g) – Freedom of Profession, Occupation, Trade or Business

Restrictions under Article 19(6):

• Interest of general public
• Professional or technical qualifications
• State monopoly in any trade or business

Important Concept

• Socio-economic justice → DPSP (NOT Fundamental Rights)

6. Science & Technology

Basic Science Facts

• Water → Highest specific heat capacity
• Mercury → Liquid at room temperature

Supermoon

• Occurs when:
  • Full Moon + Perigee (closest distance)

Features:

• Appears 14% larger
• 30% brighter
• Occurs 3–4 times/year

Biology

• Coral = Symbiosis
  • Coral polyps + Zooxanthellae algae
• Nectons
  • Active swimmers, move against currents

Human Brain Functions

1. Medulla Oblongata

• Controls breathing (respiration)
• Regulates heartbeat
• Maintains blood pressure
• Controls involuntary reflex actions:
  • Coughing
  • Sneezing
  • Vomiting

2. Cerebellum

• Maintains body balance and posture
• Coordinates muscle movements
• Ensures smooth and precise movements (walking, running)

3. Hypothalamus

• Regulates body temperature
• Controls hunger and thirst
• Controls hormonal system (via pituitary gland)
• Regulates emotions and sleep cycle

4. Cerebrum

• Responsible for thinking and intelligence
• Controls memory
• Involved in decision making
• Controls voluntary actions (writing, speaking, movement)
• Responsible for reasoning and emotions

Defence

The Ministry of Defence signed a ₹2,906 crore contract with Bharat Electronics Limited (Ghaziabad) on 12 March 2025 for procurement of Low-Level Transportable Radar (LLTR) – ‘Ashwini’

7. Demography

• Sex Ratio (Census 2011): 943 (↑ from 933 in 2001)
• Child Sex Ratio: 919 (↓ from 927 in 2001)

8. Bihar Economy

• Plan: 25 new sugar mills
• Aim: Industrial growth boost

9. Nobel Prize 2025 (Summary)

10. Education & Institutions (Bihar)

• Patna College → Established 1863
• Became part of Patna University (1917)

1. Science & Space Developments

• Global mapping is carried out every 12 days.
• India launched NISAR Satellite
  • First ISRO–NASA joint mission
  • Dual-frequency radar imaging mission
  • Uses:
    • L-band (NASA)
    • S-band (ISRO)
  • Orbit: 747 km Sun-synchronous

2. Infrastructure & Urban Development

• Asia’s First Micro-Tunneling Drainage Project → Ahmedabad
• Google’s 1-GW Hyperscale Data Centre
  • Location: Visakhapatnam
  • Economic impact: ₹10,000 crore

3. Bihar – Sports, Governance & Events

The Asia Rugby Under-20 Sevens Championship 2025 was held at the Rajgir International Sports Complex on 9–10 August 2025, showcasing emerging rugby talent across Asia.

Analysis

Overall Winners

• Men’s Champion: Hong Kong China
• Women’s Champion: China
  
  
  

Men’s Category

• Gold: Hong Kong China
• Silver: Sri Lanka
• Bronze: Malaysia
• Final Score: Hong Kong China defeated Sri Lanka 33–0

Women’s Category

• Gold: China
• Silver: Hong Kong China
• Bronze: India
• India defeated Uzbekistan 12–5

4. Election Reforms (Bihar)

• First-time introduction of home voting in Bihar Assembly Elections

Eligible Groups:

• Senior citizens (85+)
• Persons with disabilities

Key Features:

• Voting conducted at home via polling teams
• Application through Form 12D

5. Science & Technology Institutions

• National Environmental Standard Laboratory (NESL)
  • Inaugurated: 5 January 2026
  • Location: CSIR–National Physical Laboratory (New Delhi)
  • Status: World’s second NESL
  • Inaugurated by: Dr. Jitendra Singh

• India’s First In-Situ Microscopy Centre (CISCoM)
  • Location: IIT Hyderabad
  • Initiative: DST-SATHI

6. Quantum Technology Breakthroughs

• QNu Labs Pvt. Ltd.
  • Developed 500 km Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) network
  • Launched QShield (Quantum Security-as-a-Service)
• QpiAI
  • Developed 64-qubit scalable QPU
  • Aim: Quantum advantage in real-world applications
• PQuest Group (IIT Bombay)
  • Developed Quantum Diamond Microscope (QDM)
  • Use: Magnetic field imaging

7. Energy & Environment

• First port-based Green Hydrogen Project
  • Location: V.O. Chidambaranar Port (Thoothukudi, Tamil Nadu)

• India’s non-fossil fuel capacity
  • Achieved: 250 GW
  • Target: 500 GW by 2030
  • Announced by: Pralhad Joshi

8. Defence & Maritime

• Samudra Pratap
  • India’s first indigenously designed Pollution Control Vessel (PCV)
  • Built by: Goa Shipyard Limited

9. International Developments

• Russia (Vladimir Putin)
  • Announced world’s first nuclear power system with closed fuel cycle by 2030
• UK–US Atlantic Partnership
  • Focus: Advanced nuclear energy cooperation
• Kazakhstan joined Abraham Accords
  • Expands normalisation with Israel

10. Environment & Biodiversity

• Dugong Conservation Reserve
  • Location: Palk Bay (Tamil Nadu)
  • Recognition: IUCN World Conservation Congress 2025
  • Species: Dugong dugon (Sea cow)
  • Status: Vulnerable (IUCN)
  • Habitat: Seagrass ecosystems in shallow coastal waters

11. Global Conferences & Summits

• COP30
  • Location: Belém, Brazil
  • Date: 10–21 November 2025
  • Framework: UNFCCC
• 2nd International Olympic Research Conference (IORC 2026)
  • Date: 27–30 January 2026
  • Location: Rashtriya Raksha University, Gandhinagar
  • Theme: Education, Research and Governance – Sustainable Olympic Ecosystem

12. Big Cat Conservation

• Global Big Cat Summit 2026
  • Host: India
  • Theme: Protecting Big Cats, Protecting Climate and Biodiversity
  • Participants: 95 range countries
• International Big Cat Alliance (IBCA)
  • Established: 2025
  • HQ: New Delhi
  • Nature: Treaty-based organisation

Species Covered (7):

Tiger, Lion, Leopard, Snow Leopard, Cheetah, Jaguar, Puma

13. Science & Biology

• Earth’s magnetic field
  • Generated by outer core (liquid iron + nickel)
• Digestive System Functions:
  • Small intestine → Main site of nutrient absorption
  • Large intestine → Absorbs water & electrolytes
  • Stomach → Not main absorption site

14. Economy & Banking

• RBI Proposal
  • Introduce risk-based deposit insurance premium
  • Aim: Align with global standards

15. Governance & Judiciary

• Tribunals Reforms Act, 2021
  • Criticised by Chief Justice of India
  • Issue: Repeated adjournment requests by Attorney General

16. Census & Digital India

• Registrar General & Census Commissioner of Indialaunched:
  • Digital Layout Map (DLM)
  • Census 2027 – Houselist App
  • Self-enumeration portal

👉 Marks India’s first digital Census (2027)

17. Social Policy

• Karnataka
  • First state to approve 12 days paid menstrual leave annually
  • Applies to both govt & private sector

18. Pharma & Industry

• Eli Lilly and Company drug “Mounjaro”
  • Became India’s highest-value selling drug (Oct 2025)
  • Achieved ₹1 billion monthly sales

19. Firsts (Important Personalities)

• Shalini Dhyani → First Indian woman in IPBES (MEP)
• Shubhanshu Shukla → First Indian ISS astronaut
• Ishwari Pande → First blind swimmer to cross Palk Strait
• Divya Singh → First Indian woman to cycle Everest Base Camp (EBC)

20. Semiconductor & Technology

• SEMICON India 2025
  • Inaugurated by: Narendra Modi
  • Venue: Yashobhoomi, New Delhi
  • Participants: 20,000+ from 48 countries
• India Semiconductor Mission → Launched 2021
• Semicon India Programme → ₹76,000 crore

21. Green Hydrogen & Innovation

• India’s 1st Green Hydrogen R&D Conference
  • Date: 11 September 2025
  • Announced: ₹100 crore startup support (Call for Proposals)

BIHAR & CURRENT AFFAIRS

Bihar Diwas was in news with the theme “Unnat Bihar, Viksit Bihar.” The literacy rate of Bihar is 61.8%. Dalmianagar (Rohtas district) is significant as Indian Railways acquired ~219 acres in 2007. The Bihar Provincial Conference (1908) was held under the presidentship of Syed Ali Imam. The Asia Rugby Under-20 Championship will be hosted at Rajgir Sports Complex, and its logo was unveiled by the Chief Minister.

BIHAR FREEDOM MOVEMENT & LEADERS

Brajkishore Prasad (1877–1946) played a key organisational role in the Champaran Satyagraha (1917) and worked with Rajendra Prasad and Anugrah Narayan Sinha. He renounced legal practice during the Non-Cooperation Movement (1920), participated in Khilafat and peasant movements, was imprisoned in Bankipur Central Jail, helped establish Bihar Vidyapeeth, supported the anti-purdah movement, and was called “Gentle Bihari” by Gandhi.

Yamuna Nand Sharma was associated with the All India Kisan Sabha and participated in the Civil Disobedience Movement.

Peer Ali Khan (1812–1857) was a leader of the Revolt of 1857 in Bihar and was executed on 7 July 1857 in Patna.

In the Muzaffarpur Bomb Case (1908), Khudiram Bose and Prafulla Chaki targeted Magistrate Kingsford; Khudiram was executed (11 Aug 1908) and Prafulla committed suicide.

PEASANT MOVEMENTS (BIHAR)

The All India Kisan Sabha (AIKS) adopted the anti-zamindari slogan in 1935, marking agrarian radicalism. There was a rift with Congress over bakasht land, and the movement declined by August 1939 due to internal conflicts.

ANCIENT & RELIGIOUS FACTS

**Gautama Buddha spent the maximum rainy seasons in Sravasti.

INDIAN POLITY

Article 103 states that the President decides disqualification of MPs, and the decision is final and binding. The President acts on the advice of the Election Commission, which is mandatory. Grounds include office of profit, unsound mind, insolvency, and defection (Tenth Schedule).

SCHEMES & GOVERNANCE

PRABANDH (Project Appraisal, Budgeting, Achievements and Data Handling System) is an integrated platform under Samagra Shiksha (launched 2018) by the Ministry of Education.

MODERN HISTORY FACTS

Shah Alam II (12 August 1765) granted Diwani rights of Bengal, Bihar, Odisha to the East India Company.

The Battle of Rajmahal (1576) saw Mughal forces defeat Daud Khan Karrani, ending Afghan rule in Bengal.

GEOGRAPHY

The Rupen River is an ephemeral (desert) river.

Norwesters (Kalbaisakhi) are pre-monsoon thunderstorms (March–May) in eastern India.

ENVIRONMENT & INTERNATIONAL

COP30 was held in Belém, Brazil (10–21 Nov 2025) under the UNFCCC.

India inaugurated the 2nd National Environmental Standard Laboratory (NESL) at CSIR–NPL, New Delhi (Jan 2026).

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

INSPIRE-MANAK (DST + NIF) targets classes 6–10, providing ₹10,000 for innovation ideas.

The National Supercomputing Mission (DST + MeitY) has created 39 petaflop capacity across 37 locations.

The National Quantum Mission has an outlay of ₹6003.65 crore.

The ANRF (2023 Act) became operational in Feb 2024, chaired by the Prime Minister.

The India Semiconductor Mission (2021) and ₹76,000 crore Semicon India Programme aim to boost chip manufacturing; major investments (~₹1.6 lakh crore) are underway.

INFRASTRUCTURE & ECONOMY

The Cabinet approved railway multitracking projects worth ₹18,509 crore (Kasara–Manmad, Delhi–Ambala, Ballari–Hosapete) with completion by 2030–31 under PM Gati Shakti.

DEFENCE & EXERCISES

The India–Maldives joint exercise “Ekuverin” (meaning “Friends”) is conducted annually.

Ship Akshar, an Adamya-class Fast Patrol Vessel, was commissioned by the Indian Coast Guard.

SCIENCE (STATIC FACTS)

• Stalactites → hang from cave ceiling (downward growth)
• Stalagmites → grow upward from cave floor
• Blind spot → no vision at optic nerve–retina junction
• Echo → minimum 0.1 second gap required
• Kaleidoscope → multiple reflections create symmetrical patterns
• Addition reaction → alkenes + H₂ (Ni catalyst) → alkanes

BIOLOGY

• Gymnema sylvestre (Gurmar) found in Brahmayoni Hill (Gaya) → anti-diabetic
• Thymus gland located behind sternum; shrinks with age
• Coral → symbiotic relation (polyps + zooxanthellae)

IMPORTANT MISCELLANEOUS FACTS

• Mig La Pass (Ladakh) → world’s highest motorable road (~19,400 ft)
• California (USA) declared Diwali as state holiday
• NIMAS (2013, Dirang) led Har Shikhar Tiranga mission (Kanchenjunga expedition)
• Groundwater pollution can occur due to fluoride contamination
• Railway Board Chairman & CEO → Satish Kumar (since Sept 2024)