| Himalayas | India, Nepal, Bhutan, China, Pakistan | Mount Everest | 8,848.86 m | Highest mountain range in the world; young fold mountains |
| Karakoram | India, Pakistan, China | K2 (Mount Godwin Austen) | 8,611 m | Second-highest peak in world |
| Hindu Kush | Afghanistan, Pakistan | Tirich Mir | 7,708 m | Connects Central Asia with South Asia |
| Pamir Mountains | Tajikistan, China, Afghanistan, Kyrgyzstan | Ismoil Somoni Peak | 7,495 m | Called “Roof of the World” |
| Tien Shan | China, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan | Jengish Chokusu (Victory Peak) | 7,439 m | Major Central Asian mountain system |
| Kunlun Mountains | China | Liushi Shan | 7,167 m | Northern boundary of Tibetan Plateau |
| Altai Mountains | Russia, Mongolia, China, Kazakhstan | Belukha Mountain | 4,506 m | Important watershed in Central Asia |
| Ural Mountains | Russia, Kazakhstan | Mount Narodnaya | 1,895 m | Traditional boundary between Europe and Asia |
| Caucasus Mountains | Russia, Georgia, Azerbaijan | Mount Elbrus | 5,642 m | Highest peak in Europe |
| Alps | France, Switzerland, Italy, Austria, Germany, Slovenia | Mont Blanc | 4,808 m | Major fold mountains of Europe |
| Pyrenees | Spain, France, Andorra | Aneto Peak | 3,404 m | Natural boundary between Spain and France |
| Carpathians | Romania, Slovakia, Poland, Ukraine, Hungary | Gerlachovský Peak | 2,655 m | Arc-shaped mountain system in Eastern Europe |
| Apennines | Italy | Corno Grande | 2,912 m | Backbone of Italian Peninsula |
| Scandinavian Mountains | Norway, Sweden | Galdhøpiggen | 2,469 m | Old fold mountains |
| Atlas Mountains | Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia | Toubkal | 4,167 m | Separate Sahara Desert from Mediterranean coast |
| Drakensberg | South Africa, Lesotho | Thabana Ntlenyana | 3,482 m | Highest mountain system in Southern Africa |
| Ethiopian Highlands | Ethiopia, Eritrea | Ras Dashen | 4,550 m | Volcanic highlands of East Africa |
| Rwenzori Mountains | Uganda, DR Congo | Mount Stanley | 5,109 m | Known as “Mountains of the Moon” |
| Andes | Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile, Argentina | Aconcagua | 6,961 m | Longest continental mountain range in world |
| Rocky Mountains | USA, Canada | Mount Elbert | 4,401 m | Major mountain system of North America |
| Appalachian Mountains | USA, Canada | Mount Mitchell | 2,037 m | Old fold mountains |
| Sierra Nevada | USA | Mount Whitney | 4,421 m | Located in California |
| Cascade Range | USA, Canada | Mount Rainier | 4,392 m | Volcanic mountain chain |
| Alaska Range | USA | Denali (Mount McKinley) | 6,190 m | Highest peak in North America |
| Brooks Range | USA (Alaska) | Mount Isto | 2,736 m | Northernmost mountain range of Alaska |
| Mackenzie Mountains | Canada | Keele Peak | 2,972 m | Part of Canadian Cordillera |
| Great Dividing Range | Australia | Mount Kosciuszko | 2,228 m | Longest mountain range in Australia |
| Southern Alps | New Zealand | Aoraki / Mount Cook | 3,724 m | Major mountain chain of South Island |
| Transantarctic Mountains | Antarctica | Mount Kirkpatrick | 4,528 m | Divide East and West Antarctica |